{"id":43052,"date":"2016-04-22T18:02:35","date_gmt":"2016-04-22T16:02:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www2.polyas.de\/ct_glossar_item\/invalid-votes"},"modified":"2024-06-14T11:48:35","modified_gmt":"2024-06-14T09:48:35","slug":"invalid-votes","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/invalid-votes","title":{"rendered":"Invalid Votes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lvgoqfmq-31b41820c2ffa4308043d8b555b14d82\">\n.avia-section.av-lvgoqfmq-31b41820c2ffa4308043d8b555b14d82{\nbackground-color:#355780;\nbackground-image:unset;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av_section_1'  class='avia-section av-lvgoqfmq-31b41820c2ffa4308043d8b555b14d82 main_color avia-section-default avia-no-border-styling  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first  lexikon avia-bg-style-scroll container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><main  role=\"main\" itemprop=\"mainContentOfPage\"  class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-43052'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lvgor08w-9bce215fe2f2bf25fe8ffe4eb620fc85 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"row\">\n<div class=\"col-lg-12 text-center\">\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">POLYAS Election Glossary<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">We provide explanations and background information on elections, voting rights and digital democracy<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/div><\/main><!-- close content main element --><\/div><\/div><div id='after_section_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-43052'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<p><div  class='flex_column av-mbd7fa-73edc57b70d59a1bee6f145f33210263 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-2  el_after_av_section  el_before_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-first  first flex_column_div  '     ><div  class='tabcontainer av-lvgp0n9c-477cd59c132a7c02cdf2bf90d018ce7c top_tab  avia-builder-el-3  avia-builder-el-no-sibling '>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgoz97w-5ad3d0b7b63cb0b6fffdfc3912d9690f'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-1-tab' class='tab active_tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-1' aria-controls='tab-id-1-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >A<\/div><div id='tab-id-1-content' class='tab_content active_tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-1-tab' aria-hidden=\"false\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/absentee-voting\">Absentee Voting<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/abstained-votes\">Abstained Votes<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/act-parliament\">Act of Parliament<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/advance-voting\">Advance Voting<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/association-bylaws\">Association Bylaws <\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/associations\">Associations <\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/authentication\">Authentication<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgozz27-5a6676eb7ca0ac1a0aa7ec211d25e65a'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-2-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-2' aria-controls='tab-id-2-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >B<\/div><div id='tab-id-2-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-2-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/ballot-box\">Ballot Box<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/ballot-box-election\">Ballot Box Election<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/ballot-paper\">Ballot Paper<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/base-count\">Base count<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/bellwether-state\">Bellwether State<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/bill-of-rights\">Bill of Rights<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/block-checksums\">Block Checksums<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/board-chairman\">Board Chairman<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/board-members\">Board Members<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/board-officers\">Board Officers<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/branches-of-government\">Branches of Government<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/brokered-convention\">Brokered Convention<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/federal-ministry-for-security-information-technology\">BSI &#8211; Federal Ministry for Security in Information Technology<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/bsi-standards\">BSI-Standards<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/byelection\">By-election<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/bylaws\">Bylaws<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgp4ch2-a60d47d4e92954c010ad41aff0e6792d'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-3-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-3' aria-controls='tab-id-3-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >C<\/div><div id='tab-id-3-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-3-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/canadian-house-of-commons\">Canadian House of Commons<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/canadian-parliament\">Canadian Parliament<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/canadian-senate\">Canadian Senate<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/candidate\">Candidate<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/caucus\">Caucus<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/chambers-of-commerce\">Chambers of Commerce<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/church-elections\">Church Elections<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/cloture\">Cloture<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/coattail-effect\">Coattail Effect<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/ethics-code\">Code of Ethics<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/codetermination\">Codetermination<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/common-criteria\">Common Criteria<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/compulsory-voting\">Compulsory Voting <\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/conflict-of-interest\">Conflict of Interest<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/constituency\">Constituency<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/constitution\">Constitution<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/contested-election-results\">Contested Election Results<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/cooperatives\">Cooperatives<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/council-chairman\">Council Chairman<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/council-elections\">Council Elections <\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/council-officers\">Council Officers<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/credit-unions\">Credit Unions<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/cumulative-voting\">Cumulative Voting<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgpbi8i-b9ff32daec7fad5e754223860a05cc72'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-4-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-4' aria-controls='tab-id-4-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >D<\/div><div id='tab-id-4-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-4-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/dhondt\">D&#8217;Hondt Highest Averages Method<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/data-backups\">Data Backup<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/data-protection\">Data Protection <\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/data-security\">Data Security<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/delegates\">Delegates<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/democracy\">Democracy<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/digital-key\">Digital Key<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/digital-single-market\">Digital Single Market<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/digital-voting\">Digital Voting<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/direct-elections\">Direct Elections<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/donkey-vote\">Donkey Vote<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgpbobb-893631dc4629cc4819b8f523dc9138ac'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-5-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-5' aria-controls='tab-id-5-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >E<\/div><div id='tab-id-5-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-5-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/early-voting\">Early Voting <\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/election-campaign\">Election Campaign <\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/election-day\">Election Day and Night <\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/election-fraud\">Election Fraud<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/election-principles\">Election Principles<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/election-results\">Election Results<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/election-software\">Election Software<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/election-threshold\">Election Threshold<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/electioneering\">Electioneering<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/elections\">Elections<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/electoral-college\">Electoral College<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/electoral-system\">Electoral System<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/e-voting\">Electronic Voting<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/executive-branch\">Executive Branch<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgpbs0b-c4e751a246a9698e53fed046d09fadb3'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-6-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-6' aria-controls='tab-id-6-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >F<\/div><div id='tab-id-6-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-6-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/federal-election-campaign-act\">Federal Election Campaign Act<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/federal-election-commission\">Federal Election Commission<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/filibuster\">Filibuster<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/first-past-the-post\">First Past the Post<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgpbxda-55efe9eb0a96092cf31134ad58036136'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-7-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-7' aria-controls='tab-id-7-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >G<\/div><div id='tab-id-7-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-7-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/george-polya\">George P\u00f3lya<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/governor\">Governor<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgpc26g-dcbc98ecd0e01817ad30c8745b1617ad'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-8-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-8' aria-controls='tab-id-8-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >H<\/div><div id='tab-id-8-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-8-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/hanging-chad\">Hanging Chad<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/hard-money\">Hard Money<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/hare-niemeyer\">Hare-Niemeyer Method<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/house-of-representatives\">House of Representatives<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgpc5tf-513433e2adaa4536866bcd8adbcd3fe9'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-9-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-9' aria-controls='tab-id-9-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >I<\/div><div id='tab-id-9-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-9-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/in-house-elections\">In-house Elections<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/independent-politician\">Independent Politician<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/internet-election\">Internet Election <\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/invalid-votes\">Invalid Votes<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/it-risk-management\">IT Risk Management<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/it-security\">IT-Security <\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/ivoting\">iVoting<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgpc9ur-94b03029b3646d56454a1b9ee75b73af'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-10-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-10' aria-controls='tab-id-10-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >J<\/div><div id='tab-id-10-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-10-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/joint-chiefs-of-staff\">Joint Chiefs of Staff<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgpcgwy-06e11cce27d6373c2a4890b83058a9a7'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-11-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-11' aria-controls='tab-id-11-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >K<\/div><div id='tab-id-11-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-11-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgpcku8-6c81808bcbe2d4e6912bfc9b79058049'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-12-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-12' aria-controls='tab-id-12-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >L<\/div><div id='tab-id-12-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-12-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/labor-unions\">Labor Unions<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/law\">Law<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/legal-rule\">Legal Rule<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/legislative-process\">Legislative Process<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/legislative-term\">Legislative Term<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/licensing-board\">Licensing Board<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/likely-voter\">Likely voter<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/list-elections\">List Elections<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgpcp3j-1ff759aad0e87bbea42d002ecd3412f1'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-13-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-13' aria-controls='tab-id-13-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >M<\/div><div id='tab-id-13-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-13-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/majority-vote\">Majority Vote<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/mandate\">Mandate <\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/mutuals\">Mutuals<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgpctfi-d770fbe7c2abe5f9bd9297a92457d6e6'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-14-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-14' aria-controls='tab-id-14-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >N<\/div><div id='tab-id-14-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-14-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/net-neutrality\">Net Neutrality<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/nota\">None of the Above<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgpcxks-c1a404b4b651155c7a494b79b8ac9c77'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-15-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-15' aria-controls='tab-id-15-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >O<\/div><div id='tab-id-15-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-15-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/ombudsman\">Ombudsman<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/online-poll\">Online Poll<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/online-voter-id\">Online Voter ID<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/online-voting\">Online Voting <\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/open-ballot-system\">Open Ballot System<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/overhang-seat\">Overhang Seat<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgpd181-72b6a02f7d5473db18bc8b1335b24f48'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-16-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-16' aria-controls='tab-id-16-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >P<\/div><div id='tab-id-16-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-16-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/panachage\">Panachage<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/parliamentary-sovereignty\">Parliamentary Sovereignty<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/passive-electioneering\">Passive electioneering<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/percentage-hurdle\">Percentage hurdle<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/petition\">Petition<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/political-action-committee\">Political Action Committee<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/political-pressure-group\">Political Pressure Group<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/poll\">Poll <\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/polling-card\">Polling Card<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/polling-place\">Polling Place<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/popular-vote\">Popular Vote<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/pork-barrel-politics\">Pork Barrel Politics<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/postal-vote\">Postal Voting<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/presidential-election\">Presidential Election<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/primary\">Primary<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/prime-minister\">Prime Minister<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/proportional-vote\">Proportional Representation<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/protest-vote\">Protest Vote<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/provisional-ballot\">Provisional Ballot<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/proxy-vote\">Proxy Vote<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/push-polling\">Push polling<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgpd568-6fa5acd22148f0f86d68283e78fc2e71'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-17-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-17' aria-controls='tab-id-17-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >Q<\/div><div id='tab-id-17-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-17-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/quorum\">Quorum<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgpdcck-1aacfc86af6558f8ae3db009b1b26a42'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-18-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-18' aria-controls='tab-id-18-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >R<\/div><div id='tab-id-18-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-18-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/re-election\">Re-election<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/referendum\">Referendum<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/regulated-health-professions-act\">Regulated Health Professions Act<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/regulation\">Regulation<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/council-members\">Regulatory College Council Members<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/regulatory-colleges\">Regulatory Colleges<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/republicanism\">Republicanism<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/resolution\">Resolution<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/royal-colleges\">Royal Colleges<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgpdijy-1dd1001368fd3f93df0ee4cdb1910597'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-19-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-19' aria-controls='tab-id-19-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >S<\/div><div id='tab-id-19-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-19-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/safe-harbour\">Safe Harbour<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/sealing-ballot-box\">Sealing the ballot box<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/single-transferable-vote\">Single Transferable Vote<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/social-clubs\">Social Club<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/societas-europaea\">Societas Europaea <\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/soft-money\">Soft Money<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/split-ticket-voting\">Split-ticket voting<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/spoilt-vote\">Spoilt Vote<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/staff-council\">Staff Council <\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/straight-ticket-voting\">Straight-ticket voting<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/supplementary-vote\">Supplementary Vote<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/swing-states\">Swing States<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgpdmqn-92df5d739e2d10dde36175fe8f80694c'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-20-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-20' aria-controls='tab-id-20-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >T<\/div><div id='tab-id-20-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-20-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/tactical-voting\">Tactical Voting <\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/democratic-party\">The Democratic Party<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/judiciary\">The Judiciary<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/legislature\">The Legislature<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/republican-party\">The Republican Party<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/us-census\">The United States Census <\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/trustee-elections\">Trustee Elections<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgpdq7p-32ba15132d9f4b73ca3d1a4c4d56dd7c'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-21-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-21' aria-controls='tab-id-21-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >U<\/div><div id='tab-id-21-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-21-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/us-congress\">US Congress<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/us-electoral-college\">US Electoral College<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/us-president\">US President<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/us-senate\">US Senate<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/us-vice-president\">US Vice President<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgpdu8u-be4f5571f460992d300eec4d3e704fef'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-22-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-22' aria-controls='tab-id-22-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >V<\/div><div id='tab-id-22-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-22-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/vote-pairing\">Vote pairing<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/voter-apathy\">Voter Apathy<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/voter-caging\">Voter Caging<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/voter-education\">Voter Education<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/voter-fatigue\">Voter Fatigue <\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/voter-secrecy\">Voter Secrecy<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/voter-suppression\">Voter Suppression <\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/voter-turnout\">Voter Turnout<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/voting-booth\">Voting Booth <\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/voting-district\">Voting district<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/voting-keypad\">Voting Keypad<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div>\n<div><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/voting-machine\">Voting Machine<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/voting-power\">Voting Power<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/voting-proxy-form\">Voting Proxy Form<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/voting-reminder\">Voting reminder<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgpe4g1-8804ea87b2cf8b71781c4c786bb385e1'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-23-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-23' aria-controls='tab-id-23-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >W<\/div><div id='tab-id-23-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-23-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/web20\">Web 2.0<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/webster-method\">Webster-Method<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/works-council\">Works Council<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"views-field views-field-title\"><span class=\"field-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/write-in-candidate\">Write-in Candidate<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgped1z-12d8bdacc98c3fda9e1fea056f179e42'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-24-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-24' aria-controls='tab-id-24-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >X<\/div><div id='tab-id-24-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-24-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgpeh7e-fb9803780f4f19d00d8b03a3f4a58ab2'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-25-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-25' aria-controls='tab-id-25-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >Y<\/div><div id='tab-id-25-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-25-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<section class='av_tab_section av_tab_section av-lvgpel6n-3f3582a021a2b7e9ce9f4b32e2d22c24'  itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div id='tab-id-26-tab' class='tab' role='tab' aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\" data-fake-id='#tab-id-26' aria-controls='tab-id-26-content'  itemprop=\"headline\" >Z<\/div><div id='tab-id-26-content' class='tab_content' role='tabpanel' aria-labelledby='tab-id-26-tab' aria-hidden=\"true\"><div class='tab_inner_content invers-color'  itemprop=\"text\" ><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='flex_column av-ufc5zc-ecfbab303984568e60255764af803366 av_one_full  avia-builder-el-4  el_after_av_one_full  avia-builder-el-last  first flex_column_div  column-top-margin'     ><section  class='av_textblock_section av-lumaluvu-b44949e4f8e2eadf8675fc6a45a8be16 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><h1>Invalid Votes<\/h1>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lukvkonj-6aa5af559a7b768dda830fbd459c0761 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>An invalid vote is a cast vote which\u00a0is considered void. When assessing the validity of a vote, the most important factor is whether or not the intention of the voter can be clearly identified.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A vote in political elections is therefore considered invalid when:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the ballot paper is not officially produced<\/li>\n<li>the ballot paper is valid for the wrong\u00a0constituency<\/li>\n<li>the ballot paper contains no markings<\/li>\n<li>the intention of the voter is not clearly discernible<\/li>\n<li>the ballot contains additional clauses<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In a postal vote, a ballot paper is rendered invalid\u00a0if it is not received in an official\u00a0envelope, or when the type and condition of the official envelope are\u00a0such\u00a0that they adversely affect the election\u00a0choice. The percentage of invalid votes in\u00a0German Bundestag elections since 1990 is around 1,6 percent of total votes cast.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Impact of invalid ballot papers<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Invalid votes have the same impact on the election result as abstentions. As the delegation of mandates is conducted solely by means of clear and valid votes, invalid ballot papers and abstentions have no impact on the election result. The only difference\u00a0is that invalid votes are listed in election\u00a0statistics.\u00a0It is diffiicult to determine whether an invalid vote was cast deliberately or by mistake in a classic paper ballot voting.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Invalid votes in online elections <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In online elections it is also possible\u00a0to cast an invalid vote. However, this can only occur\u00a0if the voter\u00a0marks the\u00a0field labelled\u00a0&#8220;cast invalid vote&#8221;.\u00a0In contrast to classic paper ballots, the casting of\u00a0an invalid vote is\u00a0most probably deliberate in online elections because\u00a0voters must actively confirm the\u00a0invalid vote.\u00a0This is because\u00a0their choice is shown one\u00a0more time\u00a0before\u00a0finally casting the vote.<\/p>\n<p>See also:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/abstained-votes\">Abstained Votes in the Election Glossary<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/voter-turnout\">Voter Turnout explained in the Election Glossary<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":42882,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-43052","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v24.2 (Yoast SEO v25.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Invalid Votes explained<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"An invalid vote is a cast vote which is considered void. Gain insights on constraints and the impact of invalid ballot papers!\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.polyas.com\/election-glossary\/invalid-votes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Invalid Votes\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"An invalid vote is a cast vote which is considered void. 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